Bank of Canada Maintains the Policy Rate at 2.25%
Current Prime Rate
4.45%
October 14, 2026 – The prime interest rate in Canada is currently 4.45%.
Today’s Prime Rate in Canada
The prime rate in Canada today is 4.45%, a key benchmark for borrowing costs nationwide. The Canadian prime rate influences everything from variable mortgage rates to personal loans and lines of credit. The prime rate is a floating rate, so it moves in step with the Bank of Canada’s target for the overnight policy rate, which the Bank uses to manage inflation and economic growth.
Understanding how the prime rate works empowers you to make better decisions, whether you’re choosing between fixed and variable mortgages, planning a refinance, or simply monitoring your monthly budget as your cost of borrowing evolves.
- Canada’s prime rate is currently 4.45%, unchanged since the Bank of Canada’s last rate cut in October 2025.
- The prime rate adjusts shortly after each Bank of Canada policy rate decision.
- Variable-rate mortgages, HELOCs, and credit lines are directly affected by changes in the prime rate.
- Since 2023, the prime rate has declined significantly from its peak as inflation eased, though higher oil prices tied to the conflict in the Middle East have kept inflation hovering around 3% through the summer of 2026.
- The Bank has held its policy rate steady through seven consecutive decisions. Economists now expect no move for the rest of 2026, with the first increase debated for 2027 rather than a return to cuts.
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Mortgage Industry Insights: October 2026
On September 2, the Bank of Canada held its target for the overnight rate at 2.25% for its seventh consecutive decision, leaving the prime rate unchanged at 4.45%. The recovery has broadened since the spring, with second-quarter growth of an annualised 3.3% ahead of the Bank’s own 2.5% projection, but the labour market has cooled further: employment fell 68,000 in September, and the unemployment rate rose to 6.5%. Inflation held at 3% in August, kept there by gasoline, while core measures stayed near target, and the Bank still expects inflation to return to 2% by early 2027. Governor Tiff Macklem was direct about where the balance now sits:
Unlike in July, the Bank framed this decision around two risks pulling in opposite directions: persistently high oil prices that could spill over into other prices, and new US tariffs that make growth less certain. It offered no forward guidance beyond a readiness to move if conditions change. Bond markets put the odds of a 25-basis-point hike on October 28 at 28%, against 72% for a hold, and imply 90% for a hike by December 9. Read the full Opening Statement and our post-announcement mortgage strategy breakdown to understand what this means for Canada’s mortgage rate forecast.
Prime Rate vs Bank of Canada Overnight Rate
What Is the Bank of Canada’s Overnight Rate?
The overnight rate, also known as the policy rate, is the interest rate at which chartered banks lend money to each other overnight. Canada’s central bank, the Bank of Canada, uses the overnight rate to guide monetary policy, raising it to cool inflation or lowering it to stimulate the Canadian economy.
Why Do Banks Adjust Prime Rates?
When the Bank of Canada changes the overnight rate, banks almost always adjust their prime rates within a few days. Although each lender technically sets their prime rate, competitive pressure keeps them aligned. Historically, the prime rate has been about 2.20% higher than the overnight rate.
As of October 2026:
- Bank of Canada Overnight Rate: 2.25%
- Prime Rate: 4.45%
How the Prime Rate Affects Your Mortgage
The prime rate is the foundation for variable-rate borrowing. It serves as the starting point lenders use to price a wide range of credit products, from personal lines of credit to business loans, and plays a central role in determining how affordable borrowing becomes as economic conditions shift.
Before exploring the specifics of how variable and adjustable mortgages work, it is helpful to understand why the prime rate has such a significant influence. When it changes, it quickly ripples through nearly every type of variable lending in Canada, affecting both new applications and existing balances.
Variable-Rate Mortgages and HELOCs
Variable mortgage rates are typically advertised as prime plus or minus a percentage (representing the discount or premium). Home equity lines of credit (HELOC) are advertised similarly. For example:
- Prime + 0.50% = 4.95% as the effective HELOC rate, since prime is currently at 4.45%
VRM vs ARM Explained
As prime fluctuates, your borrowing costs rise or fall. Changes to your lender’s prime rate will affect your monthly payment with an ARM and your amortization with a VRM. Prime rate changes impact your monthly payment (in adjustable-rate mortgages) and the allocation of each monthly payment between principal and interest (in variable-rate mortgages).
- Variable-Rate Mortgage (VRM): Your monthly payment remains the same even as the prime rate changes, but a higher or lower portion of it goes toward interest, which directly affects your remaining amortization.
- Adjustable-Rate Mortgage (ARM): Your monthly payment adjusts automatically up or down as the prime rate changes, while your mortgage principal remains unaffected, preventing negative amortization.
What to Consider Between Fixed vs Variable
Fixed mortgage rates are primarily driven by the Government of Canada bond yields, not the prime rate. However, if the Bank of Canada signals a long period of lower rates, bond yields often fall, indirectly reducing fixed rates.
When rates are high but expected to fall, variable products can offer savings. If stability is a top priority, locking into a fixed rate can help avoid payment shocks and provide predictable budgeting and cash flow.
*Most Recent Prime Rate Shown
Source: BankofCanada.ca
Prime Rate Forecast for Canada
The Bank of Canada held rates steady on September 2 amid:
- Persistently high oil prices and elevated refinery margins tied to the conflict in the Middle East, keeping headline inflation around 3%
- New US tariffs and Canadian countermeasures that make growth prospects less certain
- A recovery the Bank now describes as broad-based, which removes the case for a further cut
Bond market pricing suggests a 28% chance of a 25-basis-point hike by the next Bank of Canada meeting on October 28. The governing Council flagged that upside risks to inflation have increased while the new tariffs make growth prospects more uncertain, and it gave no forward guidance beyond a readiness to adjust monetary policy as needed. The path from here depends on how inflation and growth actually unfold. Recent updates to our mortgage rates forecast suggest fixed rates could firm modestly over the near term.
Prime Rate Trends and Historical Context
Over the last decade, Canada’s prime rate has fluctuated significantly, but historically, higher mortgage rates have been the norm compared to those available today.
Here are recent highlights of changes in the prime rate:
| Year | Prime Rate Range |
|---|---|
| 2020 | 2.45% (pandemic lows) |
| 2022 | 2.70% – 6.45% |
| July 2023 | 7.20% (peak) |
| December 2024 | 5.45% |
| June 2025 | 4.95% |
| October 2025 to present | 4.45% |
Historical Highs:
- 1981: Prime reached 22.75% during a period of runaway inflation.
Recent Timeline:
- 2022–2023: Rapid rate hikes to tame inflation.
- 2024: Steady rate cuts as inflationary pressures moderated.
- 2025: Easing continued through October before the Bank paused, holding at 2.25%.
- 2026: A prolonged hold, with seven consecutive decisions unchanged amid tariffs and Middle East-driven oil volatility.
Source: bankofcanada.ca
How Does the Prime Rate Impact Variable Mortgage Rates?
The Bank of Canada’s (BoC) target overnight rate directly influences prime rates set by lenders. When the policy rate changes, prime rates adjust accordingly. Most lenders calculate their prime rate as the BoC’s policy rate plus approximately 2.2%. This prime rate is the foundation for lenders’ posted rates, which they advertise to borrowers.
Posted rates typically include the prime rate plus or minus a specific percentage. For example, a lender might offer a prime + 0.5% or prime – 0.5% rate, meaning you’ll pay the prime rate with a premium or discount.
Variable-rate mortgages, tied to the prime rate, can have fixed or adjustable payments.
- Adjustable-rate mortgages (ARM): Payments fluctuate with changes in the prime rate. Since the payment adjusts automatically, negative amortization is avoided when the interest owed exceeds the payment.
- Variable-rate mortgages (VRM): Payments remain unchanged even as the prime rate changes. However, if the prime rate increases, more of your payment will go toward interest and less toward the principal, potentially leading to negative amortization, where your principal balance may not decrease as expected by the end of the term.
When the prime rate decreases, your variable mortgage rate follows, resulting in lower interest costs. In this case, a greater portion of your payment is applied to the principal, which can help you pay off your mortgage faster and reduce the remaining balance at the end of the term.
We're curious…
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) About the Prime Rate in Canada
What is Canada’s current prime rate?
As of Wednesday October 14, 2026, Canada’s prime rate is 4.45%.
What is the difference between the prime rate and the prime lending rate?
There is no difference. The prime rate and the prime lending rate are the same thing: the benchmark annual rate Canadian banks use to price loans for their most creditworthy borrowers. Both currently sit at 4.45% at the major banks.
Do all Canadian banks use the same prime rate?
Almost. RBC, TD, BMO, Scotiabank, CIBC and National Bank all post a prime rate of 4.45%, and they typically move within a day or two of a Bank of Canada decision. TD is the exception for mortgages specifically, where it posts a separate mortgage prime rate that is 15 basis points higher than its standard prime.
How does the prime rate impact variable mortgage rates?
Your mortgage rate moves in lockstep with the prime rate. For example, if your mortgage is prime minus 0.50% and the prime increases by 0.25%, your effective rate rises by the same amount.
Does the prime rate affect fixed mortgage rates?
Fixed rates are not directly affected by the prime rate; they’re primarily tied to government bond yields, though expectations about future movements in the prime rate can influence bond markets over time.
What is the forecast for the prime rate in 2026?
The prime rate has held steady all year: the Bank of Canada has kept its policy rate at 2.25% across seven consecutive decisions, and prime has stayed at 4.45% since October 2025. Economists now expect no change for the remainder of 2026, with the first increase argued for 2027 rather than a return to cuts. Whether that holds depends on how inflation and growth evolve.
How can I protect myself from increases in the prime rate?
Consider switching to a fixed-rate mortgage, making extra payments when interest rates are low, or maintaining savings or having a budget buffer to handle potential rate increases.
Final Thoughts
Canada’s prime rate is one of the most important benchmarks for borrowers. Whether you’re renewing, refinancing, or buying a home, understanding how the prime rate influences your mortgage and credit facilities can help you make better financial decisions.
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